In reply to
> Would someone be kind enough to outline the process whereby a "Theory"
> of Nature becomes a "Law?"
This question illustrates the difficulty that scientific and colloquial meanings of the words "theory" and "law" are very different.
In colloquial usage, "law" means "proven correct" and "theory" means not-proven and might well be wrong. Both of these are wrong, as used by science.
The term "law" is used for a statement about how things work that can be summed up in a single equation or a succinct sentence. And the word is still used even if the "law" is only approximately true or even disproven. An example of this would Newton's law of gravity, which is now known to be wrong (superseded by Einstein's relativity), but is close enough to right in many situations that it is still very useful.
Other examples are things like Boyle's law, Hooke's law, and the perfect gas law, which are all only approximately true. For example the Van der Waal's equation, while still only an approximation, works much better than the perfect gas law. Nevertheless, the perfect gas law is still useful because it is very simple and easy to use.
So, "law" does not mean "proven", it just means "statement in one sentence of one equation" -- that statement might be true, approximately true, or far from true.
The word "theory" does not mean "unproven" or "hypothesis" or anything similar. It really means "explanation", but it is generally used for package of ideas that have wide explanatory power. In other words it is for explanations that can't fit in one sentence or one equation.
Thus, a "theory" (= package of explanatory ideas) might contain several "laws". A good example would be the "theory" of thermodynamics, which is a package made up of the four "laws" of thermodynamics. Another example of a theory (= explanatory package) is evolution, which contains laws (one example being Dollo's Law, which itself is an example of an approximately-true law).
Thus, a "theory" just means "package of ideas", things that can't be summed up in a sentence. The term carries no connotations of "unproven", and is used for things that are proven correct by copious evidence (e.g. germ theory of disease; Darwinian evolution), and for things now proven incorrect but still useful (e.g. Newton's theory of gravity; Bohr theory of the atom), and for things now junked as wrong and not useful (e.g. phlogiston theory).
So the answer to the above question is that the questioner does not understand the scientific usage of the words: "theories" never becomes "laws". Though, yes, it is a pity that the scientific usage does not fully match the popular usage, which can lead to misunderstandings.
But having said all the above, scientists rarely bother discussing this stuff among themselves because scientists don't really care about these labels; what they care about is the evidence, not the mere semantics of the label. Whether something is labeled "hypothesis", "law", "theory" or whatever doesn't change the evidence for it, so scientists rarely bother discussing which label is most appropriate. It doesn't matter.
The only people who try to make an issue out of these things are creationists. They are the only ones who make arguments about the truth of something based on which of these mere semantic labels is used, which shows the utter emptiness of their thoughts.