In reply to John Burns:
There are numerous long distance paths in the Rockies, many of them well maintained, but not really set up in a Pennine way manner. You could do something from Kananaskis near Calgary, all the way up to Jasper if you wanted (about 300k). Funnily the best resource for this might be Chic Scott's ski trail in the Rockies, which sets out some monster journeys.
The best map resource is probably the Gem Trek maps, which has the best info on trails, but the topo maps for the whole of Canada are available for free - one good gateway to this is the Calgary Mountain Club site:
http://www.calgarymountainclub.com/main.php?page=topomaps
Other than that the Parks (Banff National Park) are useful source of info - you will require back country permits to camp, but you can get an annual one which is good value. Apart from a few back country sites closest to the road you will have absolutely no problem getting space.