In reply to cousin nick:
On my old road bike, I used to carry the following in a very small wedge saddlebag:
Tube, multi-tool, patches, glue, toothpaste tube, CO2 pump with 2 cartridges, chain link, multi-tool (ToPeak mini 18+, so includes chain tool and tyre lever), latex gloves and a few plasters.
On very long rides, I carry a hybrid CO2/manual pump on the frame and another tube.
On my new bike, a saddle bag ruins the aesthetic, so it's been re-packed as:
Spare tube taped under saddle. 2 for very long rides.
Neoprene pouch (freebie from bike mag) in pocket now contains CO2 pump with 2 cartridges, patches, glue, toothpaste tube, 4mm and 5mm Hex keys, plasters and chain links (9 and 11 speed, so I don't forget the right one!). Add mini chain breaker on long rides.
I've always carried phone (fully charged at start of ride!), credit card and a £20 note in a ziploc bag in a pocket.
Never really bothered carrying tyre levers as a separate item and not had much success with self-adhesive patches.