In reply to Tobes:
Unfortunately if the rotor is too small you'd have to replace it with a bigger one, or if the caliper is mounted on an adaptor then you might be able to swap the adaptor. If they're SRAM brakes with the spherical washers you could possibly ditch these and replace with a selection of appropriately sized shims, though you'd risk alignment issues. If it was me and it is a mismatch in rotor and caliper size I'd probably sort it but I'm quite anal about these sorts of things.
Was the bike brand new? If so and the difference between rotor and caliper is small it might just be a tolerance issue which would be awkward, but not impossible to solve and possibly easier just to live with. If it's a small enough mismatch, a very good bike shop would have a brake mount facing tool and would be able to cut the mounts down to get a better fit, but obviously this is a bit extreme and not reversible so I'd be cautious about going down that route.
If you can take some pictures it might help to suggest what the best options are. Particularly of the caliper and how it's mounted to the frame, the worn pads and if possible the rotor in the caliper (might be difficult to get a photo at an angle to really see what's going on though)