In reply to Jim C:
Jim C.
As usual, the reality is a little less sensational than the initial headlines. I feel both strangely moved by the Tuam story and compelled to respond to your heated comments regarding it. However, no doubt most people will only remember the unfounded "mass grave of 800 babies in a septic tank" hyperbole currently in the press.
For a more balanced discussion please read
http://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/tuam-mother-and-baby-home-the...
‘I never used that word ‘dumped’,” Catherine Corless, a local historian in Co Galway, tells The Irish Times. “I never said to anyone that 800 bodies were dumped in a septic tank. That did not come from me at any point. They are not my words.”
As described in today's Irish Times article, Catherine Corliss' research has indicated that 796 children died during childbirth or early life at an institution run by nuns on behalf of the Irish state between 1925 and 1961 (i.e. average of ~22 child deaths per year). We do not know yet what the size of the institution was and how many births/stillbirths a year there were, so we don't know what proportion the 22 deaths/year represents, or whether it was abnormally high for Ireland at the time. Certainly, abnormally high death rates are documented in other similar institutions in Ireland during this era.
It should be noted though that this was during a period of typically high infant mortality and rampant TB and other infectious diseases in Ireland (and elsewhere), when there was no national health service in Ireland. In fact, Ireland in the decades following independence in 1921 was one of western Europe's very poorest states.
The State-issued death certificates Corliss has collated for the Tuam case indicate the children as having died variously of tuberculosis, convulsions, measles, whooping cough, influenza, bronchitis and meningitis, among other illnesses. Malnutrition does not feature and there is no mention of abuse in relation to this case (I won't deny that abuse did occur in religious and other institutions, but it doesn't actually feature in Corliss' reported findings).
The "Mother and Baby" homes were institutions (run by religious orders in the absence of any State-run alternative in Ireland) to cater for unmarried women having children, to which there was a huge social stigma attached under the prevailing Catholic ethos at the time in Ireland, and to then arrange adoption of the children. It was a far from perfect situation and was widely abused, but was "of its time".
At the time, children "born of sin" (as the thinking went, I'm not agreeing with it BTW)were not permitted to be baptised as Catholics and the unbaptised were not permitted to be buried in consecrated Catholic graveyards. As a consequence of this theological interpretation, the dead children of unmarried Catholic mothers could therefore only be buried in unconsecrated graveyards, at that time.
The buildings in Tuam operated as the Mother and Baby home had been a workhouse/poorhouse since 1840, i.e. through the period of the Great Famine in Ireland (1845 to 1852) during which time many others can also be assumed to have died at the site.
During Corliss' research she met a local man who claimed that as a 10 year old in 1975 that he and friends moved a small coffee table-sized slab on the site and found a number of small skeletons beneath (perhaps up to 20 he said). This claim remains to be corroborated by actual investigation and the age of any remains found to be proven. No one really knows yet what this structure might have been.
The septic tank angle comes from old Ordnance Survey maps of the area which indicate a "Sewage Tank" existed in 1892 (i.e. 33 years before the Mother and Baby home began operation) in a portion of the same general area that Corliss believes bodies may have been buried post-1925...
Crucially, no-one has to date dug on the site and found any actual evidence of burials there, nor of the nature, number and dates of burial, nor whether there are actually any remains in a former septic tank.
The stories widely reported in the press in Ireland and internationally of a "mass grave" of 800 infants and of "800 bodies in a septic tank" are therefore somewhere between hyperbole and complete fabrication, yet seem to have been uncritically accepted as fact by many worldwide. In fact, no children's bodies have yet been proven at the site, though the local tradition that it was a burial ground suggest that human remains will almost certainly be found there.
The way single mothers were treated in Ireland in that era is certainly abhorrent to our current outlook, but Ireland today is very different to the priest-ridden, Catholicism-dominated society of the early to mid twentieth century. Better medical treatment and universal social services and health care have also greatly altered our recent expectations and experience of infectious diseases and mother and infant mortality. In fact, even the Catholic Church has changed radically since the 1960s.
We must be wary of viewing past event through the prism of the present. Certainly, the accusations of actual criminality by many in this thread seem very premature...
I have no doubt that this site will now be investigated in the very near future and the true, sad story will emerge, but most of what has been written to date is speculation and hyperbole.
Regards,
Kevin Forde
Irish, but non-religious... and not a regular apologist for the Catholic Church!