In reply to kayakmonkey:
Its quite a long time since I worked in the print industry, but for the record the formulations of self-adhesive on both paper stocks and plasticised vinyls used in labeling are very application specific.
The world's leading manufacturers of self-adhesive (MacTac, Jac, Fasson, Raflatac to name but a few) all have their own laboratories producing adhesives for just about every situation you can think of. Some of these may still be solvent-based adhesives even though the move to water-based acrylic adhesives has been going on for a generation.
Either way, its because of the potential for microscopic crazing to occur due to solvent attack, or adverse chemical interaction between the label and the surface (in this case the helmet)due to some other factor e.g. plasticiser migration where vinyl label stocks are concerned, that the issue should be taken seriously.
Personally I would not take the risk of sticking anything to a valuable piece of life-saving equipment and I'd be equally circumspect about using pen markers for similar reasons.