In reply to pineapple: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of English Language by David Crystal is an all encompassing text for Language, but is a bit pricey and covers lots of things you don't seem to need (but is a great and helpful reference book). David Crystal has a range of books - all of which are worthwhile, but things like his A-Z Language are accessible.
Michael Swan - Practical English Usage provides a comprehensive grammatical and lexical dictionary, but you won't find the literary terms.
Shirley Russell - Grammar, Stucture and Style (A Guide to A-level English) gives the mix you would like, and with exercises to assist, but is perhaps a bit basic.
Is this at degree level? I think the historical side (development of English is probably fairly relevant - perhaps more so than socio-linguistics). However, can't think of texts that combine the literary and language terms explicitly, but the grammatical terms can always feed your understanding of literature.
Cybergrammar is an excellent website for clear grammatical explanations and examples and was originally designed to support English teacher training - could provide some good direction.