In reply to cahotic:
Late May isn't a good time to go into the Norwegian mountains. It's basically peak melting season and there will be lots of rotten slushy snow and the streams are going to be full. To give you and idea: There's a ski parade on Hardangerjokulen every 17 May (Norwegian National Day). If you can go later than late May, I'd advise you to do so. Anything between late June and mid to late September works.
Anyway, here's a suggestion: Take the train to either Haugastoel or Ustaoset. Make your way across the top of Hallingskarvet down to Finse. From Finse go eastwards (via Rembesdalseter) or westwards (via Kjeldebu) around Hardangerjokulen. Cross into the western part of Hardangervidda, go towards Torehytten and climb Haarteigen, then make your way down to the Hardangerfjord to either Lofthus or Kinsarvik and take a combination of boat/bus back to Bergen.
Or start from Finse, go around Hardangerjokulen clockwise (Kjeldebu-Rembesdalseter). Carry on to Hallingskeid, then over Vossaskavlen to Kaldavasshytta. Down to Upsete, onto Grindaflethytta and down to Flaam. Bus back to Bergen.
Neither of these I would do in late May - apart from possibly on skis in a heavy snow year.
The Folgefonna Peninsula where Rosendalsalpene are is gorgeous, but won't really give you a weeks worth of remote walking with a peak or two. It's great for climbing and scrambling though.
A good site for planning is ut.no, in particular
http://ut.no/kart which is a zoomable topographic map of Norway. Most of the information on the site is in Norwegian, but the map should be helpful anyway. I've given you names of DNT huts to describe the routes, but that doesn't mean you have to use them.
I lived in Bergen for 5 years, so this used to be my playground. If you have any more questions just ask.