In reply to ColinVern:
I'd hope that there's a department somewhere in Government that knows what various national ID documents look like*, and what the various fields mean, and how to determine if it is genuine. Since it's an international issue, you might hope that someone like the UN would maintain the 'master reference' for such information. The UNHCR, perhaps?
* since identity verification is a fundamental need for border control and immigration, amongst other government functions.
But, googling for a bit suggests my hope might be somewhat forlorn...
Of course, since ID verification is such an important issue, maybe the exchange is done by a secret network of inter-governmental agencies who don't post details in public, so that fraudsters won't have a handy reference for creating fraudulent documents...
Post edited at 13:42