In reply to PPP:
The Navigator's Dozen is an excellent starting point.
I'd also suggest getting the 'student' to think about how they navigate in town, and in a car, and identify the various strategies that can be used, as, essentially, these are very similar to the ones used in the outdoors, and give a mental model the student is familiar with to hang the new stuff of. (feature (pub, church, etc); topological (3rd turning on right); distance/direction).
That and stressing the need to pay attention to what's going on around you, and track progress on the map (by feature, generally). These are the two main failing of Bronze DofE participants I've encountered.
Contours and aspect can be considered to be types of feature or landmark.