In reply to FesteringSore: So to make a linux live usb to boot from and recover data, you need the following. A second pc and two pendrives.
Download the linux live installer on another pc
http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
Back up everything from the first pen drive, you will be installing linux onto this.
Follow the tutorial here
http://www.linuxliveusb.com/en/help/guide This will give a better explanation than me. Install it onto the first pen drive. Install ubuntu 13.04 from the list of distros.
Boot the broken pc, with the linux usb in a usb slot. Follow the on-screen instructions to boot from the usb, dont install linux. It may take a while to boot, but it will get there.
Use the second pen drive to copy your data onto, if it can read the hdd.
If its not booting from usb then you will need to force it to do this from the bios. This isnt as hard as it sounds and i will explain if need be.
Get all your data and then re-install windows, maybe another way to fix it but i dont know.