In reply to Sam Beaton:
Sounds like there are no cavity closers around the windows, your house is well over 10 years old right?
Fitters aren't paid to insulate/close the cavity with expanding foam or anything else before fitting the window.
Those who say that the fitters "should" have used expanding foam obviously don't know why some fitters use it. Some use it to fix the window instead of using screw fixings through the frame(Bodge job), others use it to fill gaps around the edges before the window is silicone sealed(where the surveyor doesn't know how to use a tape measure)It stops the silicone dropping into the cavity.
There is no quick fix to your problem other than removing the windows and closing the cavity then re-fitting.
You asked about retrofitting a trickle vent, yes you can, but this would go to the top of the glass itself rather than into the frame, this would mean having a new unit made for the window.
Do not, under any circumstances try to fill any hollows in the window frame itself, be it behind the glazing beads or anywhere else, they are made like this for a purpose, that it to help drain any water ingress!