In reply to mypyrex:
What do you want to know? As you say 4.2 is low for a 69 year old.
PSA tests are not conclusive, only indicative. The only way of getting a much better idea of the cause is to have a biopsy.
As you say there can be many factors affecting PSA levels.
You've obviously discussed this with your GP? If you are not happy have you been offered a referral to a consultant urologist?
Everyone is different and one person's experience, including mine, is not necessarily relevant to you.
My PSA was 8 when I was first diagnosed with prostate cancer aged 67. I had a biopsy under a local which revealed a very small tumour in the prostate. I then had what was known as watchful waiting for another 2 years with PSA tests every 6 months during which time the PSA slowly rose to 11. I then had another biopsy (under a general anesthetic) which took many more samples - this showed that although still small and still contained within the prostate gland the tumour had nearly doubled in size.
I was then faced with some stark choices
1 Do nothing, l because it appeared to be a slow growing tumour and at my age, by then 69, the chances of my leading a normal life and dying from something else were fairly high. But if I did nothing and the cancer spread beyond the prostate I would be storing up problems for my older life, including a receding chance of surgery or radiation treatment being successful, and an increasing risk of dying from the cancer.
2 Have radiation treatment. This would mean a long period of regular visits to a specialist hospital about 2 hours drive away with the probability that I would have to get someone to drive me. Also if the treatment failed I would not then be able to fall back on surgery as a second defence.
3 Brachiotherapy - the injection of concentrated radio active seeds into the prostate gland. Bladder tests revealed that I wasn't a suitable candidate for that.
4 A radical prostatectomy by keyhole surgery. The advantage of this was that if it failed to stop the cancer I could still fall back on radiotherapy as a second line of defence.
Both radiotherapy and surgery carry a comparatively high risk of unpleasant, although as it turned out in my case, fairly short lived side effects - impotence and incontinence.
I opted for 4 and now two and a half years on, aged 71 I am very fit, and so far my regular follow up tests have all shown a PSA level of 0.02.
It took about 3 months to recover from the operation before I could start climbing and mountain walking again, and about a year to be fully free from the unpleasant side affects.
I have no regrets, and urge you and anyone else who is worried about prostate cancer to get a referral to a urologist ASAP.
I hope this helps?