In reply to matta: For years I have used Black Diamond Bod harnesses that do not have a belay loop without any problems. Just because your belay loop is damaged there is no reason to get rid of the harness. If necessary just tie into the rope to belay from and when required larksfoot a short sling around the tie-in points to abseil from.
I would not have gone for your solution. The options that I would have considered (in no particular order) were:
- duct tape the frayed edge and carry on. [I might avoid aid climbing or using a Grigri, or similar, out of excessive caution but I would not have any great concerns about normal belaying as standard ATC type belay devices are guaranteed to slip at forces well below 3kN.]
- add an ADDITIONAL loop in 5.5mm DYNEEMA cord, tied with triple fishermans knot.
- remove the belay loop and use the harness without it.
- remove and replace with a loop of 8mm accessory cord or 8-9mm semi-static or dynamic rope tied with a double fisherman's.
- remove and replace with a large 'D' shaped maillon.
With my "instructor's hat" on, if pushed, I'd have to recommend the last 3 options on the basis of the difficulty in judging the strength of the frayed loop with absolute certainty rather than because they are necessarily the best in your case if the damage is fairly minor.
Finally, you ask what length of tails. The definitive advice as far as I am aware is 4x the diameter of the cord/rope.